Protocolo Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) e a Prática de Enfermagem: Transformando Emergências em Oportunidades de Vida

Abstract

Introduction: The FAST Protocol (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) is an ultrasound tool used in the initial evaluation of trauma patients, enabling rapid detection of free fluid in body cavities, which is essential for early diagnosis and immediate intervention. This protocol has demonstrated efficacy in clinical practice; however, its implementation still faces challenges, particularly in Brazil, where legislation surrounding ultrasound use by nurses remains inadequately defined. Objective: This article aims to review the literature on the use of the FAST Protocol by nurses, highlighting its effectiveness, advantages, disadvantages, and the current knowledge in nursing regarding this protocol. Method: A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS, selecting articles that discuss the application of the FAST Protocol in emergency settings. Inclusion criteria focused on studies published in the past five years that address the use of ultrasound in trauma assessment. Results: The analysis revealed that the FAST Protocol is an effective tool for triaging trauma patients, with studies demonstrating its capability to identify internal bleeding and guide interventions. Tables provided data on advantages, such as rapid diagnostic capability, and disadvantages, including the need for adequate training and the lack of clear regulatory guidance in practice. Discussion: The discussion emphasized the importance of continuous training and the need for clear guidelines on ultrasound use by nurses. It was noted that while the protocol offers numerous benefits, such as improved clinical outcomes, its implementation requires strong legal support and investment in professional development. Conclusion: The use of the FAST Protocol by nurses represents a significant advancement in emergency nursing practice. To maximize the benefits of this protocol, it is essential to invest in continuous education and training, as well as to establish clear regulations that ensure patient safety.